Blockchain da Lissafin Sabis: Kalubale da Damammaki na Haɗaɗɗu

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Lissafin sabis ya zama wata muhimmiyar hanyar lissafi wacce ke amfani da sabis a matsayin ginshiƙai na asali don haɓaka aikace-aikace daban-daban a fannonin kuɗi, sarkar kayan masarufi, kiwon lafiya, da sabis na jama'a. Wannan hanyar tana haɗa abubuwan more rayuwa daban-daban na lissafi yayin samar da manyan ra'ayoyi don tallafawa haɓakar aikace-aikace. Yanayin tsarin sashen lissafin sabis yana haɓaka ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa sosai, sake amfani da software, ingancin sabis, da haɓakar aikace-aikace.

2. Kalubalen Lissafin Sabis

2.1 Hadurori na Tsaro da Sirri

Masu sayar da sabis sukan tattara kuma su sarrafa bayanan sirri na abokan ciniki ba tare da bayyanannen bayani ba, wanda ke haifar da yuwuwar cin zarafi na bayanai da fallasa ba tare da izini ba. Cibiyoyin bayanai suna fuskantar raunin tsaro da suka haɗa da hare-haren mugunta (hackers, DDoS) da wuraren gazawa guda ɗaya (SPFs).

2.2 Matsalar Rumbun Bayanai

Tsarin bayanai daban-daban a cikin kamfanoni da kuma faɗin sassan kasuwanci suna haifar da shinge ga raba bayanai da ayyukan juna, suna haifar da rumbun bayanai waɗanda ke ƙara farashin sadarwa da rage ingancin sabis.

2.3 Matsalolin Farashi da Ƙarfafawa

Matsalar farashi tana hana haɓakar yanayin sabis, kamar yadda aka nuna a canjin LinkedIn daga kyauta zuwa biyan API saboda cin zarafi daga masu haɓakawa na son kai. Sabbin yanayi kamar cinikin sabis na M2M da haɗin gwiwar taron jama'a suna buƙatar sabbin hanyoyin farashi da ƙarfafawa.

3. Maganin Blockchain

3.1 Boyayye da Sa hannun Lantarki

Tsarin boyayye da sa hannun lantarki na Blockchain suna samar da ingantattun hanyoyin tsaro. Tushen sirrin bayanai ya haɗa da:

• Sirrin bayanai marasa daidaituwa: $E_{pub}(M) \rightarrow C$, $D_{priv}(C) \rightarrow M$
• Sa hannun lantarki: $Sig_{priv}(M) \rightarrow S$, $Verify_{pub}(M, S) \rightarrow {true, false}$
• Ayyukan Hash: $H(M) \rightarrow digest$ tare da juriya ga karo

3.2 Fa'idodin Rarrabawar Iko

Yanayin rarrabawar iko na Blockchain yana kawar da wuraren gazawa guda ɗaya kuma yana ba da damar raba bayanai a sarari a faɗin iyakokin ƙungiya.

3.3 Hanyoyin Ƙarfafawa na Ciki

Kuɗin sirri da tattalin arzikin alama suna ba da ƙarfafawa na ciki don shiga da ba da gudunmawa ga cibiyar sadarwa.

4. Lissafin Sabis na Tushen Blockchain

4.1 Ƙirƙirar Sabis

Kwangiloli masu wayo suna ba da damar ƙirƙirar sabis ta atomatik tare da ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗa da dabarun aiwatarwa.

4.2 Gano Sabis

Rijistar sabis mai rarrabawar iko tana ba da kundayen sabis masu bayyanawa kuma marasa sauya wa.

4.3 Shawarwarin Sabis

Tsarin suna na tushen Blockchain yana ba da damar shawarwarin sabis masu aminci ta hanyar rikodin kima maras canzawa.

4.4 Haɗin Sabis

Haɗa sabis da yawa ta hanyar kwangiloli masu wayo yana tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin sabis.

4.5 Sasantawa na Sabis

Hanyoyin warware gardama da aka gina akan Blockchain suna ba da hanyoyin sasantawa masu bayyanawa.

5. Blockchain a matsayin Sabis (BaaS)

5.1 Tsarin BaaS

BaaS yana samar da abubuwan more rayuwa na tushen girgije don haɓakar blockchain, gami da sarrafa nodes, turawa kwangiloli masu wayo, da haɗin API.

5.2 Dandamali na Wakilai

Manyan dandamali na BaaS sun haɗa da Dandamalin Blockchain na IBM, Microsoft Azure Blockchain, Amazon Managed Blockchain, da Sabis na Girgije na Blockchain na Oracle.

6. Bincike na Fasaha

6.1 Tushen Lissafi

Tsarin lissafin sabis na tushen blockchain ya dogara ne akan abubuwan sirri na sirri. Za a iya ƙirƙira hanyar yarjejeniya kamar haka:

$P_{consensus} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} V_i \cdot W_i}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} W_i} \geq threshold$

Inda $V_i$ ke wakiltar kuri'un masu tabbatarwa kuma $W_i$ yana wakiltar ma'aunin tsiro.

6.2 Sakamakon Gwaji

Ƙimar aiki ta nuna haɗin blockchain yana inganta tsaro amma yana haifar da jinkiri. Gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar akan dandamalin sabis na tushen Ethereum sun nuna:

• Yawan ma'amala: TPS 15-30 don ayyukan sabis
• Jinkiri: Dakika 2-5 don ayyukan gano sabis
• Ingantaccen tsaro: Rage yunƙurin shiga ba tare da izini ba da kashi 95%

6.3 Aiwatar da Lamba

Samfurin kwangilar wayo don rajistar sabis:

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract ServiceRegistry {
    struct Service {
        address provider;
        string description;
        uint256 price;
        uint256 rating;
        bool active;
    }
    
    mapping(bytes32 => Service) public services;
    
    function registerService(bytes32 serviceId, string memory desc, uint256 price) public {
        services[serviceId] = Service(msg.sender, desc, price, 0, true);
    }
    
    function rateService(bytes32 serviceId, uint256 rating) public {
        require(rating >= 1 && rating <= 5, "Invalid rating");
        services[serviceId].rating = rating;
    }
}

7. Ayyuka da Jagororin Gaba

Sabbin ayyuka sun haɗa da:

• Ƙungiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu masu rarrabawar iko (DAOs) don mulkin sabis
• Maganganun haɗin gwiwar sabis na ketare sarkar
• Hujjojin rashin sani don lissafin sabis mai kiyaye sirri
• Kasuwannin sabis na AI tare da hanyoyin amana na tushen blockchain
• Haɗin sabis na IoT tare da tsaron blockchain

Hanyoyin bincike suna mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin haɓakawa kamar rarrabawa, ka'idojin Layer-2, da hanyoyin yarjejeniya gauraye don magance iyakokin aiki.

8. Nassoshi

1. Li, X., Zheng, Z., & Dai, H. N. (2023). Lokacin da Lissafin Sabis ya Haɗu da Blockchain: Kalubale da Damammaki. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing.
2. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Kalubalen blockchain da damammaki: bincike. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352-375.
3. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin kuɗin lantarki mai tsaron peer-to-peer.
4. Buterin, V. (2014). Kwangila mai wayo na zamani da dandamali na aikace-aikace mai rarrabawar iko. Takardar Fari ta Ethereum.
5. Binciken IBM. (2023). Blockchain don lissafin sabis na kamfani. Jaridar Bincike da Ci gaba ta IBM.
6. Zyskind, G., Nathan, O., & Pentland, A. (2015). Rarrabawar sirri: Yin amfani da blockchain don kare bayanan sirri. IEEE Tsaro da Taron Sirri.