Tabbacin Mai Amfani da Hankali (PoUI): Yarjejeniyar Blockchain Bayan Bata Makamashi

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Fasahar Blockchain ta kawo sauyi mai girma ga tsarin rarraba iko ta hanyar ba da damar amintattun ma'amaloli ba tare da matsakaici ba, wanda ke sake fasalin aminci a cikin yanayin dijital. Kwanciyar hankali na hanyoyin sadarwar blockchain ya dogara ne akan hanyoyin yarjejeniya, amma bukatunsu na makamashi suna haifar da manyan kalubale. Tabbacin Aiki (PoW), tsarin yarjejeniyar asali na Bitcoin, ya dogara ne akan lissafin sirri mai cike da makamashi wanda aka kiyasta kowane shekara yana amfani da terawatt-hours 181.67 a shekarar 2025, wanda ke haifar da matukar damuwa game da muhalli.

Bayyanar da sauri na samfuran hankali na wucin gadi (AI), musamman Manyan Samfuran Harshe (LLMs), sun haifar da kalubalen amfani da makamashi masu kama da juna. Gudanar da LLMs yana buƙatar albarkatun lissafi masu yawa, sau da yawa sun wuce megawatt-hours ɗari da yawa kowace samfura, suna kishin ƙarfin makamashi na hanyoyin sadarwar blockchain na PoW. Wannan haɗuwar fasahohin masu cin makamashi yana ƙarfafa sake tunanin ɓataccen lissafin PoW, wanda ya kai ga shawarar Tabbacin Mai Amfani da Hankali (PoUI).

2. Bayanan Baya da Ayyukan Da suka Danganci

2.1 Tsararrukan Yarjejeniya na Al'ada

Tabbacin Aiki (PoW) ya yi fice wajen isar da tsaro mai rarrabawa ta hanyar ƙoƙarin lissafi, amma yana yin hakan ne da farashin babban amfani da makamashi. Akasin haka, Tabbacin Hannun Jari (PoS) yana zaɓar masu tantancewa bisa adadin cryptocurrency da suka sanya, yana ba da zaɓi mafi inganci a cikin amfani da makamashi fiye da PoW a kusan 0.1 kWh kowane mai tantancewa.

2.2 Kalubalen Amfani da Makamashi na AI

Samfuran AI na zamani, musamman tsarin gine-gine na canzawa kamar GPT-4 da makamantan LLMs, suna nuna buƙatun lissafi na ban mamaki. Bisa ga bincike daga Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst, horar da babban samfurin AI guda ɗaya na iya fitar da fiye da fam 626,000 na daidai CO₂ - kusan sau biyar na hayakin rayuwar motar Amurka ta talakawa.

3. Tabbacin Mai Amfani da Hankali (PoUI)

3.1 Bayyani Gabaɗaya na Tsarin Gina

PoUI tsarin yarjejeniya ne gauraye inda ma'aikata ke aiwatar da ayyukan tushen AI, kamar sarrafa harshe na halitta ko binciken hoto, don samun kuɗaɗen, waɗanda a sa'an nan ake sanyawa don tabbatar da hanyar sadarwa. Wannan tsarin yana haɗa tsaro tare da amfani na zahiri ta hanyar manyan hanyoyin aiki guda huɗu masu rarrabawa:

• Masu Buga Ayyuka: Suna ƙaddamar da ayyukan AI zuwa hanyar sadarwa
• Masu Daidaita Kasuwa: Suna kula da rarraba aiki da ingancin inganci
• Ma'aikata: Suna aiwatar da lissafin AI kuma suna samun kuɗaɗen
• Masu Tabbatarwa: Suna tabbatar da daidaiton lissafi da tsaron hanyar sadarwa

3.2 Aiwarta Fasaha

Tsarin PoUI yana sarrafa shi ta hanyar kwangiloli masu wayo don aiwatar da aiki da rarraba lada. Aikin ya ƙunshi ƙaddamar da aiki, rarraba ga ma'aikata, tabbatar da lissafi, da rarraba lada ta hanyar ka'idojin kwangila masu wayo ta atomatik.

3.3 Tsarin Lissafi

Tsarin yarjejeniyar PoUI yana amfani da ingantattun samfuran lissafi don rarraba lada da tsaron hanyar sadarwa. Babban aikin lada ana iya bayyana shi kamar haka:

$R_i = \alpha \cdot Q_i + \beta \cdot S_i + \gamma \cdot T_i$

Inda:

• $R_i$ shine jimillar lada ga ma'aikaci $i$
• $Q_i$ yana wakiltar makin ingancin ayyukan AI da aka kammala
• $S_i$ yana nuna adadin kuɗaɗen da aka sanya
• $T_i$ yana nuna lokacin sadaukarwa da amincin
• $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ sune ma'auni masu auna nauyi da ake daidaita su cikin sauri

Ana kiyaye tsaron hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin Tabbacin Hannun Jari inda yuwuwar zaɓen a matsayin mai tantancewa ya yi daidai da hannun jari da aikin tarihi:

$P_v = \frac{S_i \cdot H_i}{\sum_{j=1}^{n} S_j \cdot H_j}$

Inda $H_i$ yana wakiltar makin aikin tarihi na kumburin $i$.

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

4.1 Binciken Amfani da Makamashi

Ma'aunin mu na cikakken binciken makamashi ya nuna gagarumin ci gaba akan hanyoyin yarjejeniya na al'ada:

• Tabbacin Aiki (PoW): 3.51 kWh kowane ma'adinai
• Tabbacin Hannun Jari (PoS): 0.1 kWh kowane mai tantancewa
• Tabbacin Mai Amfani da Hankali (PoUI): 0.6 kWh kowane ma'aikaci

Wannan yana wakiltar ragin makamashi kashi 97% daga PoW yayin da a lokaci guda yana ƙara ƙimar zahiri ta hanyar amfani da lissafin AI masu amfani.

4.2 Simintin Aiki

Simintin gwaji ya nuna cewa daidaita lada na PoUI yana daidaita shigar ma'aikata cikin kasuwar aiki yadda ya kamata. Tsarin lada mai daidaitawa yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun shiga hanyar sadarwa yayin kiyaye tsaro ta hanyar isassun ƙarfafa masu tantancewa.

5. Aiwarta Lambar

Mai zuwa pseudocode yana nuna babban algorithm na yarjejeniyar PoUI:

class PoUIConsensus:
    def __init__(self):
        self.job_market = JobMarket()
        self.validators = ValidatorPool()
        self.reward_system = DynamicRewardSystem()
    
    def submit_ai_task(self, task, job_poster):
        """Ƙaddamar da aikin AI zuwa hanyar sadarwa"""
        task_id = self.job_market.add_task(task, job_poster)
        return task_id
    
    def process_task(self, worker, task_id):
        """Ma'aikaci yana aiwatar da aikin AI kuma ya ƙaddamar da sakamako"""
        task = self.job_market.get_task(task_id)
        result = worker.compute(task)
        proof = worker.generate_proof_of_work(result)
        
        # Ƙaddamar da sakamako don tabbatarwa
        validation_id = self.validators.submit_for_validation(
            task_id, result, proof, worker.address
        )
        return validation_id
    
    def validate_result(self, validator, validation_id):
        """Mai tantancewa yana duba sakamakon lissafi"""
        result_data = self.validators.get_validation_data(validation_id)
        
        if validator.verify_computation(result_data):
            # Rarraba lada
            self.reward_system.distribute_rewards(
                result_data.worker,
                result_data.validator,
                result_data.task.difficulty
            )
            return True
        return False
    
    def adjust_rewards(self):
        """Daidaitu daidaita sigogin lada bisa yanayin hanyar sadarwa"""
        participation_rate = self.job_market.get_participation_rate()
        task_completion_rate = self.job_market.get_completion_rate()
        
        # Daidaita ma'auni na lada
        self.reward_system.update_coefficients(
            participation_rate, 
            task_completion_rate
        )

6. Ayyuka da Jagorori na Gaba

PoUI yana da babbar yuwuwar a fagage da yawa:

• Horar da AI Mai Rarrabawa: Horar da manyan samfura a rarraba ta hanyoyin sadarwar blockchain
• Lissafin Kimiyya: Albarkatun lissafi na gama-gari ga cibiyoyin bincike
• Hanyoyin Sadarwa na Geffen: Haɗin kai tare da na'urorin IoT don rarraba hankali
• Daidaituwar Abun Ciki: Tsarin bincike da daidaitawa na abun ciki mai ƙarfin AI mai rarrabawa
• Binciken Likita: Binciken rarraba bayanan likita mai kiyaye sirri

Jagororin bincike na gaba sun haɗa da inganta algorithms na rarraba aiki, haɓaka dabarun lissafi masu kiyaye sirri, da haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin sarkar don kasuwannin aikin AI.

7. Bincike na Asali

Tsarin yarjejeniyar Tabbacin Mai Amfani da Hankali (PoUI) yana wakiltar sauyi a falsafar ƙirar blockchain, tana matsawa daga tsaro na sirri kawai zuwa lissafi mai kai ga amfani. Wannan hanya tana magance manyan kalubale guda biyu lokaci ɗaya: tasirin muhalli na yarjejeniyar blockchain da buƙatun lissafi na tsarin AI na zamani. Yin kwatankwacin ci gaban daukar hoto na lissafi a cikin fassarar hoto na CycleGAN (Zhu et al., 2017), PoUI ya nuna yadda sake amfani da ƙoƙarin lissafi zai iya ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙima biyu.

Daga mahangar fasaha, tsarin gine-gine na gauraye na PoUI ya haɗa fa'idodin tsaro na yarjejeniyar tushen hannun jari tare da amfanin aikin lissafi. Ba kamar PoW na al'ada ba, inda ƙoƙarin lissafi ke aiki ne kawai don tabbatar da hanyar sadarwa, PoUI yana tura wannan ƙoƙarin zuwa ayyukan AI masu amfani. Wannan hanya ta yi daidai da bincike na baya-bayan nan daga cibiyoyi kamar Shirin Kudi na Dijital na MIT, wanda ke jaddada mahimmancin "aiki mai amfani" a cikin tsarin blockchain na gaba.

Da'awar ingantaccen amfani da makamashi na PoUI suna da ban sha'awa musamman idan aka yi la'akari da faffadan yanayin dorewar lissafi. Bisa ga Cibiyar Kudi ta Madadin Cambridge, amfani da makamashi na shekara-shekara na Bitcoin ya wuce na ƙasashe masu matsakaicin girma da yawa. Ragewar PoUI na kashi 97% idan aka kwatanta da PoW ya sanya shi a matsayin madadin mai yuwuwa don aikace-aikacen blockchain masu kula da muhalli. Duk da haka, nasarar tsarin ya dogara ne akan kiyaye yanayin muhalli mai daidaito inda buƙatar aikin AI ta dace da wadatar lissafi - kalubalen da ke kama da matsalolin ƙirar kasuwa da aka yi nazari a cikin ka'idar wasan algorithm.

Kwatanta PoUI tare da sauran hanyoyin yarjejeniya masu tasowa ya bayyana keɓantaccen shawara ta ƙima. Yayin da Tabbacin Hannun Jari (kamar yadda aka aiwatar a Ethereum 2.0) yana ba da mafi inganci a cikin amfani da makamashi, yana haifar da damuwa game da tattara arziki. Bambance-bambancen Tabbacin Hannun Jari da aka Wakilta suna ƙoƙarin magance wannan amma suna haifar da rikitattun hanyoyin gudanarwa. Bukatar PoUI cewa a sami kuɗaɗen ta hanyar aiki mai amfani maimakon kawai ta hannun jari na kuɗi ya haifar da ƙirar shiga mafi cancanta, ko da yake yana haifar da sabbin kalubale a cikin tabbatar da aiki da ingancin inganci.

Haɗin aiwatar da aikin AI tare da yarjejeniyar blockchain kuma yana buɗe tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa game da makomar hankali mai rarrabawa. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin binciken DeepMind kan koyon ƙarfafa wakilai da yawa, daidaita albarkatun lissafi masu rarrabawa don ayyuka masu rikitarwa yana buƙatar ingantattun tsarin ƙarfafawa. Tsarin daidaita lada na PoUI yana wakiltar hanyar farko ga wannan matsalar daidaitawa, amma juzu'i na gaba na iya amfana daga ƙarin ingantattun dabarun inganta wakilai da yawa.

Idan aka duba gaba, tsarin gine-gine na PoUI yana nuna alamar gaba ɗaya zuwa ƙirar blockchain na "Amfani-Farko", inda tsaro ke fitowa a matsayin sakamakon lissafi mai amfani maimakon manufarsa ta farko. Wannan sauyin falsafa zai iya yin tasiri mai zurfi ga karɓar blockchain bayan cryptocurrency, yana iya ba da damar sabbin nau'ikan haɗin gwiwar kimiyya mai rarrabawa, horar da AI mai rarrabawa, da bincike na bayanai masu kiyaye sirri. Duk da haka, manyan kalubalen fasaha sun rage, musamman game da tabbatar da aiki, kimanta ingancin sakamako, da hana wasa na tsarin lada.

8. Nassoshi

1. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer.
2. Buterin, V. (2014). Ethereum: Dandamali na Kwangila mai wayo na Gaba da Dandamali na Aikace-aikace mai rarrabawa.
3. Zhu, J. Y., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Fassarar Hoto-zuwa-Hoto mara Biyu ta amfani da Cibiyoyin Adawa na Zagaye. Taron Kasa da Kasa na Kwamfutar Kwamfuta (ICCV).
4. Cibiyar Kudi ta Madadin Cambridge (2023). Fihirisar Amfani da Wutar Lantarki na Cambridge Bitcoin.
5. Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst (2019). Makamashi da La'akari da Manufofi don Koyo mai zurfi a cikin NLP.
6. Binciken DeepMind (2021). Koyon Ƙarfafa Wakilai Da Yawa: Tushe da Hanyoyin Zamani.
7. Shirin Kudi na Dijital na MIT (2022). Tsare-tsaren Yarjejeniyar Blockchain mai Dorewa.
8. Chong, Z., Ohsaki, H., & Ng, B. (2023). Tabbacin Mai Amfani da Hankali (PoUI): Yarjejeniyar Blockchain Bayan Bata Makamashi.