Mobile Blockchain Meets Edge Computing: Resource Management and Applications

Table of Contents

• 1. Gabatarwa
• 2. Edge Computing for Mobile Blockchain
  • 2.1 Tsarin Gina-gina
  • 2.2 Sauyin Aikin Hujja
• 3. Gudanar da Albarkatun Tattalin Arziki
  • 3.1 Tsarin Ka'idar Wasanni
  • 3.2 Tsarin Farashi
• 4. Sakamakon Gwaji
  • 4.1 Performance Metrics
  • 4.2 Validation
• 5. Nazarin fasaha
• 6. Code Implementation
• 7. Future Applications
• 8. Nassoshi

1. Gabatarwa

Blockchain yana aiki azaman babban littafin rikodin jama'a na rarrabuwa don adana bayanan ma'amala, yana shawo kan iyakokin tsarin masu cibiyoyi kamar gazawar batu ɗaya da raunin tsaro. Ana tsara bayanai azaman tubalan a cikin jerin da aka haɗa, ana kwafin su a cikin hanyar sadarwa don tabbatar da gaskiya. Haƙar ma'adinai, wanda ya haɗa da wasanin gwaji na aiki (PoW), yana da mahimmanci don ƙara sabbin tubalan amma yana buƙatar albarkatun lissafi masu yawa, yana hana karɓuwa a cikin ƙayyadaddun albarkatun wayoyin hannu da na'urorin IoT. Kididdigar gefen wayar hannu (MEC) ta fito azaman mafita ta hanyar samar da ƙarfin lissafi a gefunan hanyar sadarwa, kamar tashoshin tushe, yana ba da damar kawar da PoW mai inganci. Wannan haɗin yana haɓaka ƙarfin blockchain kuma yana ba da ƙwarin gwiwa ga masu amfani da wayoyin hannu ta hanyar ladanar yarjejeniya. Duk da haka, ƙalubalen tattalin arziki kamar farashi da rabon albarkatu suna buƙatar ingantawa ta amfani da ka'idar wasa.

2. Edge Computing for Mobile Blockchain

Edge computing yana amfani da sabobin na gida a gefen hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu don tallafawa aikace-aikacen da ba su da latishi, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G. Ga blockchain, MEC yana ba na'urorin hannu damar aika wasu PoW zuwa sabobin gefe, yana rage amfani da makamashi da kuma inganta shiga.

2.1 Tsarin Gina-gina

Tsarin ya ƙunshi masu haƙa ma'adinai na hannu, sabobin gefe, da hanyar sadarwar blockchain. Masu haƙa ma'adinai suna ƙaddamar da ayyukan PoW zuwa sabobin gefe ta hanyar haɗin mara waya, kuma sabobin suna mayar da mafita don tabbatar da toshe. Wannan hanyar da ba ta da cibiyar gudanarwa tana rage jinkiri kuma tana haɓaka ƙima.

2.2 Sauyin Aikin Hujja

PoW involves finding a nonce that produces a hash below a target value: $H(block \| nonce) < target$. Offloading this to edge servers saves mobile resources, with the hash function computed as $H(x) = SHA256(x)$.

3. Gudanar da Albarkatun Tattalin Arziki

Tsarin tattalin arziki yana inganta raba albarkatu tsakanin masu samar da gefe da masu hakar ma'adinai.

3.1 Tsarin Ka'idar Wasanni

A Stackelberg game models interactions: the provider sets prices, and miners adjust computing demand. The provider's profit is $\pi_p = p \cdot d - C(d)$, where $p$ is price, $d$ is demand, and $C$ is cost. Miners maximize utility $U_m = R - p \cdot d$, with $R$ as block reward.

3.2 Tsarin Farashi

Dynamic pricing yana daidaita wadata da buƙata, kamar yadda ake amfani da fasaha a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya [9]. Misali, [10] yana amfani da farashi don haɗin gwiwar sadarwa, wanda aka daidaita a nan don albarkatun kwamfuta.

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

Gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar da tsarin da aka tsara.

4.1 Performance Metrics

Muhimman ma'auni sun haɗa da ceton makamashi, jinkiri, da kuma nasarar haƙin ma'adinai. Juyar da PoW yana rage amfani da makamashin wayar har zuwa 70% idan aka kwatanta da lissafin gida.

4.2 Validation

A prototype shows that edge computing cuts PoW solving time by 50%, with miners achieving higher rewards under optimal pricing. Charts illustrate demand vs. price curves and energy efficiency gains.

5. Nazarin fasaha

Wannan takarda tana haɗa blockchain da lissafin gefe, tana magance ƙarfin albarkatun PoW. Ba kamar tsarin gargajiya ba, tana haɗa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tattalin arziki, daidaitawa tare da yanayin tsarin rarrabuwar kamar waɗanda ke cikin CycleGAN don cibiyoyin adawa [11]. Hanyar wasan ka'idoji tana tabbatar da adalci, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin karatun haɗin gwiwa [12]. Ƙirar lissafi, irin su $U_m = R - p \cdot d$, suna ba da tsari mai iya aiki don rarraba albarkatu. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna fa'idodi masu amfani, amma ƙalubale suna ci gaba a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta da mafita na tushen girgije, lissafin gefe yana ba da ƙarancin jinkiri, mahimmancin abubuwa na IoT na ainihin lokaci. Tushen waje, kamar binciken IEEE akan MEC [13], suna goyan bayan yuwuwar haɗin kai don 5G da ƙari.

6. Code Implementation

Pseudocode for PoW offloading:

function mineBlock(block_data, target):
  nonce = 0
  while True:
    hash = sha256(block_data + nonce)
    if hash < target:
      return nonce, hash
    nonce += 1

# Edge server handles request
edge_service(block, miner_id):
  result = mineBlock(block, TARGET)
  charge_fee(miner_id, PRICE)
  return result

7. Future Applications

Aikace-aikace masu yuwuwa sun haɗa da birane masu hikima, bin diddigin sarkar wadata, da IoT na kiwon lafiya. Misali, blockchain mai kunna gefe zai iya kiyaye bayanin marasa lafiya cikin sauri. Aikin gaba zai iya bincika haɗin kai na koyon inji don farashi mai daidaitawa da algorithms na PoW masu jure ƙididdigewa.

8. Nassoshi

1. Content delivery networks, IEEE Transactions, 2015.
2. Smart grid systems, ACM Journal, 2016.
3. Mining in blockchain, Bitcoin Whitepaper, 2008.
4. Mobile edge computing, ETSI White Paper, 2014.
5. 5G networks, 3GPP Standards, 2017.
6. Pricing in wireless networks, IEEE Survey, 2010.
7. Cooperative communication, IEEE Transactions, 2012.
8. CycleGAN, ICCV Paper, 2017.
9. Federated learning, Google Research, 2016.
10. IEEE MEC survey, 2019.