Tsarin Ƙa'ida don Gudanar da Ledogi Dangane da Kwangiloli da Dabaru na Lokaci

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Fasahar Blockchain ta sami ci gaba sosai tun daga asalinta na kuɗin dijital zuwa ta ƙunshi ƙwararrun aikace-aikace a cikin kuɗin rarrabawa (DeFi) da ƙungiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu. Babban ƙirƙira yana cikin littafin rikodin - wani cikakken bayanan tarihi wanda ke adana cikakkun bayanan ma'amala. Duk da haka, aiwatar da kwangilomin wayoyin hannu na yanzu suna fama da manyan raunoni saboda yanayin shirinsu na sabani, suna nisa daga amincin bayanai na gargajiya da ma'anar kwangilolin doka.

2. Tsarin Ƙa'idar Kwangila

2.1 Atomatik Mai Iyakataccen Jiha don Kwangiloli

Samfurin da aka tsara yana wakiltar kwangiloli a matsayin atomatik mai iyakataccen jiha (FSA) inda jihohi suka dace da sharuɗɗan kwangila kuma sauye-sauye suna wakiltar sahihancin sauye-sauyen jiha da abubuwan da aka ƙayyade suka jawo. Wannan hanyar tana ba da hanyoyin aiwatarwa masu ƙayyadadden kuma tana kawar da shubuha da ke cikin kwangilomin wayoyin hannu na gargajiya.

2.2 Tsarin Rarraba Albarkatun

Ana ƙididdige kwangiloli a matsayin rarraba albarkatun ga 'yan wasa, suna ba da ma'anar lissafi a sarari. Tsarin ya bayyana:

• 'Yan wasa: ɓangarorin da ke cikin kwangilar
• Albarkatun: Kaddarorin dijital da ake gudanarwa
• Sauye-sauye: Canje-canjen jiha dangane da sharuɗɗan da aka ƙayyade

3. Harshen Tambayoyi na Dabaru na Lokaci

3.1 Tsarin Dabaru na Lokaci na Layi (LTL)

Harshen tambayoyi yana amfani da Dabaru na Lokaci na Layi don bayyana tsarin lokaci akan tarihin littafin rikodin. Manyan ma'aikata sun haɗa da:

• $\square$ (koyaushe) - Kadara tana riƙe a duk jihohin gaba
• $\lozenge$ (a ƙarshe) - Kadara tana riƙe a wani jiha na gaba
• $\mathcal{U}$ (har) - Kadara tana riƙe har sai wata kadara ta zama gaskiya

3.2 Tsarin Tambayoyi na Tarihi

Misalan tambayoyi sun nuna ƙarfin dabaru na lokaci don binciken littafin rikodin:

• "Nemo duk kwangilolin da suka kasance aiki na ƙalla kwanaki 30"
• "Gano ma'amalolin da ma'auni bai taɓa faɗuwa ƙasa da kofa ba"
• "Gano tsarin ayyukan da ake zargi a kan tagogin lokaci"

4. Aiwar da Fasaha

4.1 Tushen Lissafi

Samfurin ƙa'ida ya dogara ne a ka'idar atomatik da dabaru na lokaci. An ayyana atomatik ɗin kwangila a matsayin tuple:

$C = (Q, \Sigma, \delta, q_0, F)$ inda:

• $Q$: Iyakataccen tarin jihohin da ke wakiltar sharuɗɗan kwangila
• $\Sigma$: Haruffan shigarwa (yiwuwar abubuwan da suka faru/ayyuka)
• $\delta: Q \times \Sigma \rightarrow Q$: Aikin sauyi
• $q_0 \in Q$: Jihar farko
• $F \subseteq Q$: Jihohin karɓa (kammalewar kwangila cikin nasara)

4.2 Aiwar da Lambar

A ƙasa akwai sauƙaƙan lambar ƙirar aiwatar da atomatik ɗin kwangila:

class FormalContract:
    def __init__(self, states, transitions, initial_state):
        self.states = states
        self.transitions = transitions
        self.current_state = initial_state
        
    def execute_transition(self, event):
        if (self.current_state, event) in self.transitions:
            self.current_state = self.transitions[(self.current_state, event)]
            return True
        return False
    
    def is_terminal(self):
        return self.current_state in self.terminal_states

# Misali: Sauƙaƙan kwangilar amana
states = ['fara', 'ɗaukar kuɗi', 'kammala', 'm rigima']
transitions = {
    ('fara', 'saka kuɗi'): 'ɗaukar kuɗi',
    ('ɗaukar kuɗi', 'isarda'): 'kammala',
    ('ɗaukar kuɗi', 'm rigima'): 'm rigima'
}
contract = FormalContract(states, transitions, 'fara')

5. Sakamakon Gwaji

An kimanta samfurin da aka tsara da aiwatar da kwangilomin wayoyin hannu na gargajiya a cikin ma'auni guda uku masu mahimmanci:

Harshen tambayoyi na lokaci ya nuna ingantaccen sarrafa bayanan tarihi, tare da lokutan amsa tambayoyi suna daidaitawa da girman bayanai, idan aka kwatanta da haɓakar maɗaukaki a cikin hanyoyin tushen SQL don rikitattun tsarin lokaci.

Binciken Kwararre: Kimantawa Mai Muhimmanci Mataki Hudu

6. Aikace-aikace & Jagorori na Gaba

Samfurin ƙa'ida ya buɗe jagorori masu ban sha'awa da yawa:

6.1 Sarrafa Bin Doka ta atomatik

Dokokin kuɗi sau da yawa suna bin tsarin jiha wanda ke daidai kai tsaye zuwa samfurin atomatik da aka tsara. Wannan zai ba da damar duba bin doka na ainihi don rikitattun tsarin gudanarwa kamar MiCA a EU ko dokokin kadara na dijital na SEC.

6.2 Tabbatar da Kwangila Tsakanin Sarke

Ƙayyadaddun ƙa'ida na iya zama wakilcin kwangila na duniya a dandamalin blockchain daban-daban, yana ba da damar kwangilomin wayoyin hannu masu aiki tare da tabbataccen daidaiton ɗabi'a.

6.3 Samar da Kwangila Mai Haɓaka AI

Samfuran koyon injina na iya samar da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin kwangila ta atomatik daga takaddun doka na yau da kullun, suna haɗa gibin tsakanin ƙirar doka da aiwatarwa ta atomatik.

7. Bayanan

1. Szabo, N. (1997). Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks. First Monday.
2. Buterin, V. (2014). Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform.
3. Clarke, E. M., Grumberg, O., & Peled, D. A. (1999). Model Checking. MIT Press.
4. Hyperledger Foundation. (2021). Hyperledger Architecture, Volume II.
5. Zhu et al. (2020). CycleGAN-based Formal Verification of Smart Contracts. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.
6. IEEE Standard for Blockchain System Data Format. (2020). IEEE Std 2140.1-2020.